Questions 2-5

< n, m > represents nD + nm, where n and m can be integers and fractions and may be positive, negative or zero. For example, < 3, 2 > represents 3D + 6 < 1, –5 > represents D – 5 1 < 6, 3 > represents 6D + 2. Note: The rules for multiplication are:

• positive × positive = positive
• negative × positive = negative
• positive × negative = negative
• negative × negative = positive.    

What does < v, w >+ represent?